9
January
2008

Spar of the Day: Taking on MSG

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MSG: Naughty or Nice?

Now and then, we at MDA like to branch out from our usual shrinking violet positions and journey into the precarious territory of current controversy. Today we venture into the debate over a disputed additive/ingredient: MSG—flavor friend or fodder foe?

Let’s break it down.

MSG: What is this stuff anyway?

MSG Crystals

Monosodium glutamate, or MSG as we commonly know it, is a stabilized, processed version of glutamic acid, which in its unprocessed form, is a common and naturally occurring amino acid found in numerous foods like meats, milk, cheese and certain vegetables. The label MSG is often used to refer to all forms of processed glutamate.

Though originally identified in the 19th Century, MSG wasn’t used until the early 20th Century when it was found by a Japanese researcher in evaporated kombu broth. The researcher recognized the common and appealing taste and patented a large scale production process of MSG in its familiar crystalline form. Today, MSG is produced through the fermentation of molasses, sugar beets/cane, starch or—according to some sources—bacteria. Processed glutamate, according to many non-industry sources, is not chemically identical to the glutamic acid found in unadulterated foods like meat or tomatoes.

What is it used for?

In short, flavor. MSG activates what is now recognized as a fifth taste receptor labeled “umami” (Japanese for savory). MSG has very little taste in and of itself but generally enhances the flavor and general meatiness of many foods.

What types of products have it?

MSG and other free glutamate forms are most often found in traditional Asian dishes and products as well as, more recently, an astounding number of processed foods in the West. Most foods that contain processed glutamate don’t list it as such. Following the first wave of MSG fear in the 1970s (ah, those were the days), the food industry, in its infinite wisdom, chose to simply rename or repackage the ingredient within other substance labels. These aliases continue to exist and have propagated to this day. Examples of MSG-associated ingredients include (but are by no means limited to): gelatin, hydrolyzed/autolyzed vegetable protein, yeast extract, rice syrup, calcium/sodium caseinate, and textured protein.

What does it do to the body?

This is where things start to get decidedly dicey.

According to many non-industry sources, manufactured glutamate isn’t processed by the body in the same way food-based, unprocessed glutamic acid is because of the different chemical composition of manufactured glutamate, which contains different ratios of glutamic acid forms (L versus D) as well as varying, unspecified contaminants. MSG, unlike food proteins that contain glutamic acid, is very rapidly absorbed within the digestive system.

There is also indication that a certain portion of the population is sensitive to MSG and can experience reactions with symptoms like headache, fatigue, numbness, burning or tingling sensations, nausea and abnormal heartbeat.

MSG is thought by some researchers to be an “excitotoxin,” a kind of chemical transmitter that facilitates brain cell communication and overstimulates or “excites” brain cells to the point of their functional collapse. Excitotoxins have produced brain damage in controversial studies and have been linked to a number of chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

Additionally, a small number of much publicized studies since the 1960s have suggested that MSG can cause retinal thinning and other eye damage, and impaired appetite regulation communication in the brain.

Caveats and Critiques

Critics of these studies contend that administered dosages far exceed reasonable human intake. Critics of these critics respond that “reasonable human intake” doesn’t consider the physical and neurological vulnerability of children and those sensitive to processed glutamic acid.

Additionally, the presumed “reasonable intake” must be continually redefined with the rapidly increasing inclusion of MSG and other processed glutamic acid substances in a larger share of food products.

The original critics then ask why everyone in Asia seems to be doing dandy. And then there’s the response about a larger number of glaucoma cases in that part of the world.

And the squabbling continues….

MDA Observations:

The fact is, unless we’re talking about its straight use as a spice in Asian cooking, MSG (in its varying forms) is mostly limited to processed foods. Y’all know the MDA take on those, right?

We’re all about enjoying food. Flavor rules, we wholeheartedly agree. While the jury is still out on the deleterious effects of MSG, there’s enough brouhaha to beg the question: What’s really the big deal in giving it up?

For the food industry, it’s clear. It’s a cheap and easy way to flavor their pseudo-food without having to use naturally occurring substances (like vegetables and herbs) that might offer actual nutritional value.

For the individual cook at home, it’s a matter of making the choice to spend a few extra minutes chopping some bell pepper, adding some herbs, mincing some onion. Your body will thank you for it.

This option is, admittedly, more work and may cost a bit more than the convenient, all-in-one package. However, there’s a legitimate difference between paying for and preparing real food that will serve your body’s needs and opting for a product that uses flavoring compounds like MSG (in whatever form) as a stand in for the real deal.

Let the critics squabble and bicker. Let the researchers continue to probe. It’s important work, after all. Hopefully, the picture will become clearer if the right folks fund the studies. In the meantime, as we say here at MDA, healthy tastes great. Why mess with an already good thing?

What do you think? No harm, no foul; or better safe than sorry?

Further Reading:

10 Ways to Reduce Salt

Could MSG Make a Comeback?

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12 comments

  1. Donna:
  2. I’ve seen some Chinese Restaurants Signs that have advertised under daily specials:NO MSG.
    (Now is this saying something in itself) I think so.
    Also, i know some people that will not eat MSG because it makes them feel ill. They stay clear away from it!

  3. surplusj:
  4. I just say better safe than sorry. I can’t see why not.

  5. Theron:
  6. MSG makes me a my father extremely sick. I get a severe headache that usually leads to nausea and vomiting.

  7. Sonagi:
  8. Better safe than sorry is my motto for any foodstuffs. MSG is sold in little plastic bags right next to salt in Asian supermarkets. If high MSG consumption can trigger Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, then Asians should show very high rates of these diseases.

  9. Crystal:
  10. My sister in law had horrible migraines. It took her awhile to realize that MSG was the culprit. She’s fine now as long as she doesn’t eat it.

  11. Migraineur:
  12. Oh, yes, migraineurs are generally advised to stay away from glutamate.

  13. Robert Jenkins:
  14. I used to use Accent on a lot of foods and never got an migrain or any other semptoms. Maybe it depends if your are senitive to it? Also read about it attacking the nerves, don’t know about that. It did make food taste better.

  15. Anne Galle:
  16. Healthy definitely tastes best! MSG and aspartame (like Equal or NutraSweet) make me very ill so I’ve learned to read labels, make more nutritious foods at home, and eat out only at restaurants that don’t use MSG. My allergies, jumpy nerves and headaches have cleared up. But even for people who don’t have symptoms, it makes me wonder what these excitotoxins are doing to them? Put it this way: my grandkids don’t get fed MSG. Nuff said.

  17. elena mcraven:
  18. i was suffering for years,with all sorts of symptoms. after eating at a asian resterraunt i had severe headaches,diarea,hives,dizines to the point i could not stand. the doctors found nothing wrong with me. thanks to my husband we figured out it was M.S.G. thank god for the internet. now i read lables, but you need to know what your looking for. it is hidden in so many things. my reactions to M.S.G. were so bad that my now 12 year old gets afraid when i eat.she has seen what it can do first hand.

  19. Tamara:
  20. Did anyone else notice the angel and devil drawn into the chemical structure of MSG? Very funny…

  21. Mark’s Daily Apple » Blog Archive » Getting Canned: Is Canned Soup Really that Bad for you?:
  22. [...] have led them in recent years to issue tougher label requirements for foods that contain MSG. The debate over MSG is long and varied, and has been covered by us in the [...]

  23. Mark’s Daily Apple » Blog Archive » Mystery Meat: Imitation Crab:
  24. [...] red hues found in real crab meat. In some cases, manufacturers will also add monosodium glutamate (MSG) to help enhance the [...]



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